terça-feira, 21 de outubro de 2008
HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL
HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL III --------------------------------------------
Por Frei Vicente do Salvador ----------------------------------
Bahia, 1627---------------------------------------------------------
Ano 127 do descobrimento--------------------------------------------
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CAPÍTULO SEGUNDO----------------------------------------------------
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Do nome do Brasil------------------------------------------------------------------
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------- O capitão-mor levantou a cruz em 3 de maio, quando se celebra a invenção da Santa Cruz e por isto foi dada à terra descoberta a denominação de Santa Cruz, pela qual foi conhecida durante muitos anos. Porém o demônio, que perde todo o domínio sob o sinal da cruz, trabalhou para que se esquecesse o primeiro nome da terra e prevalecesse o de Brasil, por causa de um pau assim chamado, de cor vermelha, com que tingem panos. O nome deste tomou o lugar daquele divino pau que deu tinta e virtude a todos os sacramentos da igreja. Talvez por isso, ainda que ao nome de Brasil tenham juntado o de estado, tornando-se então Estado do Brasil, ficou ele tão pouco estável que sem ainda completar um século de povoamento, quando isso escrevo, em alguns lugares já está começando a se despovoar. E mesmo sendo a terra tão grande e fértil, como adiante veremos, nem por isso tem aumentado mas sim, diminuído.
-------- Disto dão alguns a culpa aos reis de Portugal, outros aos povoadores; aos reis, pelo pouco caso que fizeram deste grande estado, dele não querendo sequer o título. Intitularam-se senhores da Guiné, por uma caravelinha que lá vai e vem, como disse o Rei do Congo, mas do Brasil não quiseram se intitular. E depois da morte de el-rei d. João Terceiro, que soube estimá-lo e o mandou povoar, nenhum outro dele se ocupou, senão para receber suas rendas e direitos. Do mesmo modo se haviam os povoadores os quais, por mais ricos e arraigados à terra que fossem, tudo pretendiam levar para Portugal. Se suas fazendas e bens pudessem falar como os papagaios, eles haveriam de ensinar-lhes como ensinam a estes: “Papagaio real, para Portugal”. Tudo querem para lá e isto não é só com os que de lá vieram, mas também com os que aqui nasceram. Uns e outros usam a terra não como senhores, mas como usufrutuários, só para a desfrutarem e deixarem-na destruída.
--------- Daí vem o fato de que nenhum homem nesta terra é republico. Não zela nem trata do bem comum, mas sim apenas de seu bem particular. Não me havia apercebido disto tanto quanto um bispo dominicano de Tucumán, que por aqui passou rumo à Corte. Grande canonista, homem de bom entendimento e prudência e também bastante rico. Ele observou que mandava comprar um frangão, quatro ovos e um peixe para comer, e nada disso estava à venda na praça ou no açougue. Mas se mandava pedir as mesmas coisas e muitas outras em casas particulares, tudo encontravam. O bispo então disse que nesta terra as coisas estão trocadas. Ela não é toda república, mas cada casa o é em separado. De fato, estando as casas dos ricos providas de tudo (ainda que à custa alheia, pois muitos devem tudo o que têm), porque têm escravos, pescadores, caçadores que lhes trazem a carne e o peixe, pipas de vinho e azeite, que juntam-se para comprar, nas vilas muitas vezes não se acha isto à venda. E o que é fontes, pontes, caminhos e outras coisas públicas é uma lástima, porque ninguém as faz, ainda que bebam água suja e se molhem ao passar pelos rios e se orvalhem pelos caminhos. Este procedimento deriva de que não cuidam de nada do que aqui há de ficar, mas apenas do que poderão levar para o reino.
-------- Estas são as razões porque alguns dizem que o Brasil não cresce nem permanece. A outra razão é a de que já falamos, de haverem preferido chamá-lo estado do Brasil, tirando-lhe o nome de Santa Cruz, com o qual poderia ter sido estado e ter estabilidade e firmeza.
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